Jordanian standard) No. 1145/1996
(Emblem)
Sludge: Uses of treated
sludge in agriculture Specifications and Standards
Organization
1-
Scope
This standard is
concerned with the conditions that must be available in
the sludge resulting from the stations for the treatment
of sewage water intended to be used in agricultural
land.
2- Definition
Sludge:
The solid substance which are
characterized by a damp or dry texture resulting from
the treatment process of sewage water treatment
stations.
Sewage
water: The water resulting
from domestic uses, and which may intermix with
industrial water waste having a quality which conforms
to the linking instructions issued by official
authorities.
Treated
Sludge: Sludge that has been
exposed to one of the treatment methods indicated in the
appendix to this standard.
Dry Sludge
weight: The weight of the totally solid substances
after dehydration of the sludge at a temperature of (103
– 105) C for a period of 24 hours
3- General
Conditions
3.1- It
shall not be allowed to use untreated sludge for
agricultural purposes.
3.2- The
uses of sludge treated to the first level (as
indicted in the attachment).
3.2.1- It
shall be allowed to use the sludge for the purpose of
improving the properties of the Badiya soil not used for
agricultural provided that it will be immediately
ploughed, in the lands set for forestation.
3.2.2- The
treated sludge shall be added during the period between
the beginning of April and the end of June.
3.3- The
use of the sludge treated to the second level (as
indicated in the attachment).
3.3.1- It
shall be permitted to use the sludge in the cases
indicated in item (3-2).
3.3.2- It
shall be allowed to use it at the beginning of soil
preparation until the planting of fruit trees, fodder,
and field crops, taking into account not to harvest the
fodder and field crops, or grazing before the lapse of
three months from the date of fertilization.
3.3.3- It
shall not be permitted to use it for fertilizing the
vegetables, green areas, parks, nurseries, and
greenhouses, and the lands situated between residential
compounds.
3.4- When
adding the sludge, the sensitivity of the water
reservoirs and their susceptibility to contamination
must be observed. The distance of the land to which the
treated sludge is intended to be added, from the water
of dams and valleys as well as surface water, and water
harvest projects, must be also observed.
3.5- The
sludge treated for agricultural purposes must not be
added, unless approval of the competent official
authorities has been obtained.
4- Standard
Conditions
-
The following
standard conditions must be available in the treated
sludge, when it is used for agricultural purposes.
-
The maximum
limit for the sludge properties must be as shown in
schedule No. (1).
-
The quantity of
the treated sludge added to the soil annually shall be
calculated according to the concentration of the
element of lesser value, in accordance with the
following formula :
|
Average
of the annual sludge addition =
(Metric
ton/ Hectare/365 day) |
Average of
addition to the elements level (kg/Hectare/365
day) |
|
Element
concentration in the sludge sample
(mg/kg-dry)X0.001 |
5- References
-
USEPA, Code of
federal regulation, criteria for classification: of
solid waste disposal practices (1992).
-
USEPA,
"Standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge
1992".
-
The European
community "council directive on the protection of the
environment, and in particular the soil, when sludge
is used in agriculture, 1989".
-
FAO paper No. 47
Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture 1992.
Appendix (1)
Sludge Treatment Levels
(1) The first
level aims at largely reducing the sludge content of
pathogenetics. This can be achieved through one of the
following processes:
1-
Aerial:
Digestion:
This process shall
be performed by stirring the sludge in the existence of
air or oxygen, while maintaining the air conditions for
a period of 40 days at a temperature of 20° C, or for a
period of 60 days at a temperature of 15° C, with a
decrease of not less than 38% for the volatile solid
substances.
2- Aerial
dehydration:
The liquid sludge
shall be allowed to infiltrate and / or to be dried up
in sand infiltration basins, or in paved or unpaved
(tiled) basins, provided that the thickness of the
sludge will not exceed (23 cm). However, the sludge must
remain in the said basins at least for a period of 3
months, provided that the daily temperature will be
above zero degree centigrade for a period of two months
out of three months.
3- Non – aerial
digestion:
This process shall
be performed in the absence of air, provided that the
sludge will remain for a period of 15 days at a
temperature of (30 – 33) °C or for 60 days at a
temperature of 20° C and with a reduction of not less
than 38% of the volatile solid substances.
4-
Fermentation:
This process shall
be performed by using a container with a fixed
ventilation shaft, or by placing the fertilizer in
heaps, where the solid mass shall remain at a
temperature of 40°C for a period of (5) days, provident
that the temperature will reach more than 55°C for a
period of not less than four hours during that period.
5- Treatment by
raising the figure of interaction (the hydrogen
exponent) of the liquid sludge.
This process shall
be performed by adding a sufficient quantity of lime, in
order to give a basic degree equal to 12(PH= 12) for a
period of no less than two hours.
6- Other
methods:
Any method which
is capable of achieving the levels indicated in the
previous methods, concerning the reduction of the
volatile solid substances, or presenting the attraction
of the pathogenetics thereto.
2)
The second level aims at a larger reduction in the
sludge content of the pathogenetics than that of the
first level this can be achieved through one of the
following processes:
1- Fermentation
/ This method may be performed as follows:
A-
By using
the containers method, where by the sludge will be kept
at temperature of not less than 55° C for a period of
three days.
B-
By using
the method of fixed ventilation tube, whereby the sludge
will the kept at temperature of not less than 55° C for
a period of 3 days.
C-
By using
the method of finding (stacking) the sludge, whereby it
will be kept at temperature of not less than 55° C for
a period of 15 days during the sludge fermentation
period.
(Stirring must be
maintained for at least 5 times during the high
temperature period).
2- Thermal
dehydration:
the sludge shall
be dried up by removing the water there from through
direct or indirect it contact with hot gases, where by
the rate of humidity will be decreased to 10% or less,
so that the sludge temperature will exceed 80°C, or that
the damp temperature of the sludge heating gas will not
be less than 80°C at the end of the heating process.
3- Thermal
operation:
The liquid sludge
shall be heated to a temperature of 180°C for or period
of 30 minutes.
4- Thermal
Arial digestion:
The liquid sludge
must be stirred in the existence of air or oxygen, while
maintaining the air condition for a period of 10 days at
a temperature of (55 – 60) °C, with a reduction for the
volatile solid substances at rate of not less than 38%.
5- Other
methods:
Any method which
is capable of achieving the abovementioned levels,
concerning the reduction of the levels of volatile solid
substances and prevention of the attract on of the
pagthogenetics thereto.
The
following methods, when added to the above-mentioned
treatment methods, will reinforce the reduction of the
pagthogenetics:
A- Treatment by
beta rays: The sludge shall be exposed to beta rays
from the nuclear accelerator with doses of not less than
(1) megarad at room temperature (20°C).
B- Treatment by
gamma rays: The sludge shall be treated by gamma
rays from specific isotopes, such as Cobalt 60 or Cesium
137 with doses of not less than (1) megarad at room
temperature (20°C).
C-
Pasteurization: The sludge shall be kept for a
period of 30 minutes at a temperature of not less than
70°C.
D- Other
methods: Any other methods or acceptable operating
conditions, if they lead to a reduction in the
pathogenetics to the extent that we obtain by using any
of the aforementioned methods.
Reference:
USEPA, code of
federal regulation, criteria for classification of solid
waste disposal peacetimes (1992).
